VMwareでLinux（Ubuntu 22.04 LTS）のインストール【Sambaでファイル共有】

悩んでいる人

VMwareでLinux（Ubuntu 22.04 LTS）をインストールする方法を教えて！

こういった悩みにお答えします．

VMwareでLinux（Ubuntu 22.04 LTS）のインストール

VMwareでLinux（Ubuntu 22.04 LTS）のインストールする方法を紹介します．

VMwareを利用するとWindowsやMacでLinuxの環境を容易に作成できますので，是非習得しましょう！

2024年11月からVMware Workstation Proが無償化されたので，公式ページからダウンロードしてインストールしましょう！

次に，Ubuntu 22.04 LTSをこちらからダウンロードしましょう！

VMwareでLinux（Ubuntu 22.04 LTS）をインストールする方法は，こちらの動画が参考になります．

注意点は以下になります．あなたの環境にあう設定をしましょう！

言語：日本語（選択肢の一番下にあります．）
キーボード：日本語キーボード
タイムゾーン：東京（日本）

参考までに，Virtual BoxでのUbuntu 22.04 LTSの日本語のインストールはこちらの動画です．

※Virtual Boxのダウンロードはこちら．

Windows Subsystem for Linux 2（WSL2）が良い場合は，こちらの記事が参考になります．（Windows 10 + Ubuntu 20.04 LTSです．）

Sambaでファイル共有

Linux（Ubuntu 22.04 LTS）をインストールした後にゲストOS（Linux）とホストOS（Windows，Mac）でファイルを共有したいことはありますよね．

そこで，ファイル共有サーバのSambaを利用してゲストOSのホームディレクトリをファイル共有する方法を紹介します．

まずはLinux（Ubuntu 22.04 LTS）でSambaをインストールします．

$ sudo apt-get install samba

1	$ sudo apt-get install samba

その後に，Sambaの設定ファイルsmb.confをバックアップします．

$ cd /etc/samba
$ sudo cp -a smb.conf smb.conf.org

1 2	$ cd /etc/samba $ sudo cp -a smb.conf smb.conf.org

Sambaの設定ファイルは以下になります．

私のユーザ名はchishiroですが，あなたのユーザ名に変更しましょう！（以下の342，344～346，353行目のユーザ名を変更）

変更したら，smb.confに上書きして下さい．（間違えたらバックアップから復旧しましょう！）

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 
# A well-established practice is to name the original file
# "smb.conf.master" and create the "real" config file with
# testparm -s smb.conf.master >smb.conf
# This minimizes the size of the really used smb.conf file
# which, according to the Samba Team, impacts performance
# However, use this with caution if your smb.conf file contains nested
# "include" statements. See Debian bug #483187 for a case
# where using a master file is not a good idea.
#

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]
unix charset = EUC-JP
dos charset = CP932
display charset = CP932


## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
#   wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
#   security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
   encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = tdbsam

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped 
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
;   domain logons = yes
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
;   printing = bsd
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
;   printing = cups
;   printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
#   socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
#   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
;   winbind enum groups = yes
;   winbind enum users = yes

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares.  This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
;   comment = Home Directories
;   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
;   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.  Un-comment the following parameter
# to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes
;   share modes = no

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
;   read only = yes
;   locking = no
;   path = /cdrom
;   guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
#	cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
#	an entry like this:
#
#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
#	is mounted on /cdrom
#
;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

security = user
guest account = chishiro

[chishiro]
comment = chishiro
path = /home/chishiro
read only = no
writable = yes
create mode = 0644
directory mode = 0755
#only guest = yes
#public = yes
valid users = chishiro

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# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.

# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the

# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed

# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which

# are not shown in this example

# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as

# commented-out examples in this file.

# - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting

# differs from the default Samba behaviour

# - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default

# behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important

# enough to be mentioned here

# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command

# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic

# errors.

# A well-established practice is to name the original file

# "smb.conf.master" and create the "real" config file with

# testparm -s smb.conf.master >smb.conf

# This minimizes the size of the really used smb.conf file

# which, according to the Samba Team, impacts performance

# However, use this with caution if your smb.conf file contains nested

# "include" statements. See Debian bug #483187 for a case

# where using a master file is not a good idea.

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

unix charset = EUC-JP

dos charset = CP932

display charset = CP932

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of

workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field

server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:

# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server

# wins support = no

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client

# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both

; wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.

dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names

# to IP addresses

; name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to

# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;

# interface names are normally preferred

; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the

# 'interfaces' option above to use this.

# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is

# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this

# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.

; bind interfaces only = yes

#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine

# that connects

log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).

max log size = 1000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following

# parameter to 'yes'.

# syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything

# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log

# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.

syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace

panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account

# in this server for every user accessing the server. See

# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html

# in the samba-doc package for details.

# security = user

# You may wish to use password encryption. See the section on

# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.

encrypt passwords = true

# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what

# password database type you are using.

passdb backend = tdbsam

obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix

# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the

# passdb is changed.

unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following

# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for

# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).

passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u

passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes

# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in

# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.

pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped

# to anonymous connections

map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC

# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must

# change the 'domain master' setting to no

; domain logons = yes

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory

# from the client point of view)

# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the

# samba server (see below)

; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U

# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory

# (this is Samba's default)

# logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client

# point of view)

; logon drive = H:

# logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set

# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored

# in the [netlogon] share

# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention

; logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR

# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix

# password; please adapt to your needs

; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the

# SAMR RPC pipe.

# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system

; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR

# RPC pipe.

; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather

# than setting them up individually then you'll need this

# load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the

# printcap file

; printing = bsd

; printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing. See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the

# cupsys-client package.

; printing = cups

; printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration

# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name

# of the machine that is connecting

; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.

# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html

# for details

# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:

# SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192

# socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package

# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are

# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.

; message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this

# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you

# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.

# domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges

# for something else.)

; idmap uid = 10000-20000

; idmap gid = 10000-20000

; template shell = /bin/bash

# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,

# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce

# performance issues in large organizations.

# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*

# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.

; winbind enum groups = yes

; winbind enum users = yes

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders

# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.

; usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create

# public shares, not just authenticated ones

usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)

# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each

# user's home directory as \\server\username

;[homes]

; comment = Home Directories

; browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the

# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.

; read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

; create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to

# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.

; directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone

# with access to the samba server. Un-comment the following parameter

# to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username

# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes

; valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

;[netlogon]

; comment = Network Logon Service

; path = /home/samba/netlogon

; guest ok = yes

; read only = yes

; share modes = no

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store

# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)

# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)

# The path below should be writable by all users so that their

# profile directory may be created the first time they log on

;[profiles]

; comment = Users profiles

; path = /home/samba/profiles

; guest ok = no

; browseable = no

; create mask = 0600

; directory mask = 0700

[printers]

comment = All Printers

browseable = no

path = /var/spool/samba

printable = yes

guest ok = no

read only = yes

create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable

# printer drivers

[print$]

comment = Printer Drivers

path = /var/lib/samba/printers

browseable = yes

read only = yes

guest ok = no

# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.

# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your

# admin users are members of.

# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions

# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it

; write list = root, @lpadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.

;[cdrom]

; comment = Samba server's CD-ROM

; read only = yes

; locking = no

; path = /cdrom

; guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the

# cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain

# an entry like this:

# /dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user 0 0

# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the

# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD

# is mounted on /cdrom

; preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom

; postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

security = user

guest account = chishiro

[chishiro]

comment = chishiro

path = /home/chishiro

read only = no

writable = yes

create mode = 0644

directory mode = 0755

#only guest = yes

#public = yes

valid users = chishiro

smbpasswdコマンドでSambaユーザのパスワードを設定します．

※私のユーザ名はchishiroですが，あなたのユーザ名に変更して下さい．

$ sudo smbpasswd -a chishiro
New SMB password:
Retype new SMB password:

$ sudo smbpasswd -a chishiro

New SMB password:

Retype new SMB password:

Sambaサーバを再起動します．

$ sudo service smbd restart

1	$ sudo service smbd restart

そして，Windowsの場合はフォルダのパスに「\\hostname\username」と入力するとユーザのホームディレクトリにアクセスできます．

私のUbuntu 22.04 LTS（Linux）のホスト名はaria，ユーザ名はchishiroなので，「\\aria\chishiro」と入力すると，以下のようにアクセスできます．

もしうまくいかない場合は以下のことを試しましょう！

ゲストOS（Linux）でSambaのサーバが起動しているか確認
Linuxのホスト名ではなくIPアドレスでアクセス（IPアドレスが192.168.XX.YYでユーザ名がchishiroの場合は，「\\192.168.XX.YY\chishiro」）
ホストOS（Windows，Mac）のファイアウォールの設定を確認
Linuxを再起動

Windowsではネットワークドライブを割り当てるとPCフォルダから簡単にアクセスできて便利です！

Windowsでネットワークドライブの割り当て方法は，こちらが参考になります．